Discus fish are a captivating species of cichlid, known for their vibrant colors, unique disc-shaped body, and fascinating parenting behavior. Here’s an overview of their key features and characteristics: 1. Appearance & Physical Traits: Shape: Laterally compressed, nearly circular body, resembling a disc. Coloration: Striking and varied colors, including blues, reds, greens, and browns, with patterns like vertical bars and horizontal stripes. Size: Can grow up to 5.4 inches (13.7 cm) in the wild, with captive-bred individuals sometimes reaching 9 inches or more. 2. Natural Habitat & Distribution: Origin: Native to the Amazon River basin in South America, particularly in floodplains and slow-moving blackwater channels. Habitat Preference: Prefer areas with soft, acidic water and warm temperatures, often congregating around fallen trees and submerged vegetation. Social Behavior: Live in groups (schools) in the wild, displaying a hierarchical structure. 3. Aquarium Care Requirements: Tank Size: Minimum 55 gallons, with larger tanks preferred, especially for multiple discus. Water Parameters: Temperature: 82-86°F (28-30°C). pH: 6.0-7.0 (soft and slightly acidic). Hardness: Low to medium. Filtration: Excellent filtration and frequent water changes are crucial for maintaining optimal water quality. Tank Decor: Provide hiding spots with plants, driftwood, and other decor. 4. Diet: Omnivores: Feed on a varied diet including live, frozen, and prepared foods. Suitable Foods: High-quality flakes, pellets, frozen bloodworms, brine shrimp, and daphnia. 5. Breeding: Pairing: Discus form breeding pairs. Egg Laying: Female lays eggs on a vertical surface (e.g., a breeding cone). Parental Care: Parents guard and fan the eggs, and feed the fry with skin mucus secretions. 6. Challenges & Considerations: Sensitive Fish: Can be sensitive to environmental changes and poor water quality. Not for Beginners: Require specific water parameters and diligent care. Potential Diseases: Susceptible to various illnesses including Hole-in-the-Head disease, discus bloat, and protozoan infections. In conclusion, discus fish are a beautiful and rewarding fish to keep, but they require dedicated care and attention to thrive in a home aquarium.