Flowerhorn Fish Care Guide Flowerhorn cichlids are popular among aquarium enthusiasts for their vibrant colors, unique nuchal hump (also called kok), and engaging personalities. However, they are also known for being aggressive and require specialized care. Tank Setup: Tank Size: Flowerhorns need a large tank, as they can grow up to 12 inches or more. A minimum of 75 gallons is recommended for a single adult, with larger tanks preferred. Water Parameters: Temperature: 80-86°F (27-30°C) pH: 6.0-8.0 Hardness: 6-20 dGH Filtration: A powerful filtration system is crucial due to their high waste production. Substrate and Decor: Bare bottom tanks are common to minimize the risk of injury and make cleaning easier. If using substrate, choose coarse gravel or sand that cannot be easily ingested. Provide hiding places and territories using rocks, driftwood, or artificial plants. Lighting: Moderate lighting is sufficient, as Flowerhorns do not have specific lighting requirements. Feeding and Diet: Omnivorous Diet: Flowerhorns are omnivores and need a varied diet. Staple Foods: High-quality cichlid pellets should form the base of their diet. Supplemental Foods: Offer a variety of live, frozen, or freeze-dried foods, such as: Bloodworms, brine shrimp, krill Insects like mealworms and crickets (gut-loaded for better nutrition) Occasional vegetables like peas or spinach. Feeding Frequency: Feed 2-3 times a day in small portions to avoid overfeeding and maintain water quality. Behavior and Tank Mates: Aggressive and Territorial: Flowerhorns are known for their aggressive and territorial behavior, especially males. Best Kept Alone: Generally, it is recommended to keep Flowerhorns as single specimens in a tank. Possible Tank Mates (With Caution): If you have a large tank and experience, you might consider keeping them with other large, robust cichlids or peaceful bottom-dwellers like plecos. However, close monitoring is essential to prevent aggression. Health and Common Issues: Water Quality: Maintaining excellent water quality is crucial for preventing diseases. Common Diseases: Hole-in-the-Head Disease (Hexamita) Ich (White Spot Disease) Swim Bladder Disorder Dropsy Quarantine: Always quarantine new fish before introducing them to the main tank. Observe for Symptoms: Regularly monitor your Flowerhorn for any signs of illness or unusual behavior. Note: Flowerhorns are not recommended for beginner aquarists due to their specific needs and aggressive nature. It is crucial to research and understand their requirements before bringing one home.