Tank Setup and environment Tank size: A minimum of 30 gallons is recommended for a single Zebra Pleco, though 50 gallons or more is ideal, especially if housing multiple individuals. Substrate: Fine sand or rounded gravel are preferred, mimicking their natural riverine environment. Decorations: Zebra Plecos appreciate plenty of hiding spots and visual barriers. Incorporate driftwood, smooth rocks arranged to create crevices and caves, and potentially dark-colored substrate to mimic their preference for dim lighting. Some keepers also use pleco caves (made from ceramic or similar material) as they can be helpful for both providing shelter and facilitating breeding. Water flow and oxygenation: Zebra Plecos originate from fast-flowing river habitats and appreciate good water circulation and high oxygen levels. Use filters that provide strong water movement and consider adding powerheads or air stones for additional oxygenation. Lighting: Zebra Plecos are primarily nocturnal and are more active in low light conditions. Consider subdued lighting or adjustable lights to create a comfortable environment for them. Water parameters Temperature: Maintain a water temperature between 78–86°F (26–30°C). pH: The ideal pH range is slightly acidic, between 6.5 and 7.0. Water changes: Regular water changes are crucial for maintaining pristine water quality and preventing toxin buildup. Aim for weekly changes of approximately 20-30% of the tank volume. Filtration: A robust filtration system is essential. Canister filters are often recommended for their effectiveness. Diet and feeding Diet: Despite the term “pleco,” L046 are not primary algae eaters. They are considered carnivores, relying on meaty foods in their natural habitat. Food sources: Provide a diet rich in protein, including: Meaty foods: Frozen bloodworms, brine shrimp, and high-quality pellets specifically designed for carnivores. Vegetables: Offer blanched zucchini, spinach, or cucumber slices as supplemental treats. Feeding schedule: Feed once or twice a day, offering an amount they can consume within a few minutes. Compatibility and tankmates Temperament: Zebra Plecos are generally peaceful, but they can be territorial towards their own species, especially during breeding. Tankmates: Choose peaceful, similarly-sized fish that prefer similar water parameters. Good options include smaller tetras, micro rasboras, some dwarf barbs, smaller catfish like ottosynlas, and even some shrimp species. Avoid aggressive or large, boisterous fish that might stress the Zebra Plecos or outcompete them for food. Social behavior: Zebra Plecos are social and benefit from being in a group with other Zebra Plecos. Breeding Breeding setup: Requires specific conditions, including a spacious, well-established aquarium with plenty of caves and hiding places. Stable water parameters, elevated temperature (around 82°F), and excellent water quality are essential. Triggers: Frequent small water changes with rain, RO, or aged tap water, simulating the rainy season, can trigger spawning. Parental care: The male will guard the eggs in the cave until they hatch (typically around 7 days), and will continue to care for the fry until their yolk sacs are gone. Fry care: Feed the fry with newly hatched brine shrimp or specialized fry food once their yolk sacs are absorbed. Health and disease prevention Common diseases: Zebra Plecos are susceptible to typical freshwater diseases like Ich, fungal, and bacterial infections. Prevention: The best defense is proactive care. Maintain excellent water quality through regular water changes and filtration, provide a stress-free environment with plenty of hiding places, and offer a balanced diet. Quarantine: Always quarantine new fish before introducing them to the main tank to prevent the introduction of diseases. Copper sensitivity: Be cautious with copper-based medications as Zebra Plecos are more sensitive to copper than many other fish species. Lifespan With optimal care and a well-maintained environment, Zebra Plecos can live a long time, with an average lifespan of 10-15 years, and potentially reaching 20-30 years in ideal conditions. Note: The L046 Zebra Pleco is an endangered species in the wild due to habitat destruction. Therefore, most individuals available in the hobby are tank-bred.