Key Aspects of Discus Fish Care: Water Parameters: Temperature: Discus prefer warmer water than typical freshwater fish, generally ranging from 82°F to 86°F (28°C to 30°C). pH: Discus thrive in soft, slightly acidic water. A pH range of 6.0 to 7.0 is generally recommended, although captive-bred discus may adapt to slightly higher pH levels if the water is kept clean and stable. Hardness: They prefer soft water, with a total hardness between 1° and 4° dKH (18 to 70 ppm). Water Quality: Maintaining pristine water quality is crucial. Discus are sensitive to ammonia, nitrite, and fluctuations in water parameters. Water Changes: Frequent water changes are essential to remove waste and maintain optimal water conditions. Weekly changes of 10% to 25% are highly recommended. Filtration: A high-quality filtration system is vital to keep the water clean and stable. Canister filters are often preferred. Tank Requirements: Tank Size: A minimum of 55 gallons (210 liters) is recommended for a small group, with larger tanks (e.g., 75 gallons or more) being ideal for providing adequate space. Discus grow quite large, reaching up to 8 inches in diameter. Tank Décor: Provide ample hiding places and create a natural environment with driftwood, rocks, or plants that can tolerate higher temperatures. Good choices include Anubias, Java fern, and Bacopa. Lighting: Discus prefer subdued lighting, similar to their natural habitat in the Amazon. Avoid harsh, bright lighting. Substrate: Sand or fine to medium-grade, smooth-surfaced gravel is recommended as discus forage along the bottom. Diet and Feeding: Diet: Discus are omnivores and thrive on a varied diet. Offer high-quality pellets, flakes, and supplemental foods like bloodworms, brine shrimp, and daphnia. Feeding Frequency: Feed multiple times a day in small portions. Adult discus can be fed twice daily, while younger fish benefit from more frequent feedings. Behavior and Compatibility: Social Behavior: Discus are social and thrive in groups. Keeping them in pairs or small groups (4-6 fish) is recommended. Tankmates: Choose peaceful, non-aggressive species that can tolerate similar water parameters and won’t outcompete them for food. Compatible options include cardinal tetras, rummy nose tetras, and some corydoras catfish. Health and Wellness: Monitoring: Regularly check your discus for signs of stress or illness, such as changes in appetite or appearance. Preventative Measures: Regular water changes, a balanced diet, and quarantine of new fish are important preventative measures. Common Illnesses: Discus are susceptible to illnesses like “hole-in-the-head” disease and discus bloat. Prompt diagnosis and treatment by a knowledgeable aquatic specialist are crucial. Important Notes: Discus fish can live up to 15 years or longer with proper care. Wild-caught discus may have more specific needs than captive-bred varieties. Consistency in water parameters and a stable environment are paramount to their well-being. Discus are sensitive to changes, so avoid sudden fluctuations. By carefully considering these factors and providing a well-maintained environment, you can enjoy the beauty and fascination of keeping discus fish.